Cork is one of the "greenest" products you can work with. The cork is harvested from the cork oak. This is one of a few trees in the world where the nutrients move up the center of the tree and not the bark. By removing the bark the tree is left standing and allowed to grow for its life span of 250 years. Cork is dried (sun dried for 18 months is traditional), wine corks are harvested (90%-95% of cork = wine industry). The "waste" material is then sold and resold and sold again until even the last "cork dust" from the machines is gathered and sold once again. Cork is considered a "no waste" industy. Every scrap is used. Nasa, European Space agency, Boeing, etc all use cork in one way or another.
Cork harvesting is a specialty occupation and is passed on from family member to family member. Higher than average wages are earned in areas where economies are slow or in recession (Portugal, Spain, Greece, Algeria, Morocco, etc). A cork forest is a wild space that is allowed to grow according to its own rhythm. Cork forests allow habitat for deer, boar, etc in parts of the world that have very few wild spaces left (Portugal and Spain).
Cork has some of the highest thermal insulation ratings in the "natural" world. One cubic inch has an R-value of 3.14. That is equal to 1 cubic inch of styrofoam. The only 'natural' product that out performs cork (thermal insulation) = "felted wool" (as you would find in Mongolia wrapped around a yurt).
To produce cork underlay the cork is ground up and boiled...the boiling produces enough "binder" that only a small amount of VOC free/Formaldehyde free adhesive is used. A cork floor is produced in the same way...but with a snick more adhesive (5-7%). Polyurethane is applied to the floor's finish = cork floor.
Cork is a natural fire retardant. It does not "hold" a flame, nor does it spread a flame. It has the same fire rating as drywall. Should it catch fire (it would have to be horrific for cork to catch fire) there are no noxious fumes.
Cork is the #2 ranked acoustic insulator on the market...only solid rubber out performs cork (not what I would call natural...it is made from recycled tires and smells like it is made from recycled tires).
A cork floating floor + cork underlay can help insulate a room. Keeping that room 5-7 Celsius warmer in winter and 5-7 Celsius cooler in the summer.
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