http://www.letsgogardening.co.uk/shade_loving_plants.htm Here's a selection of plants that like shade (I'm clueless on plants). I like your courtyard idea. Perhaps take elements from the picture attached? I'd paint the window and door a pale duck egg or french grey. Maybe try planting some wisteria to train across the garage. Hydrangeas I think grow well in shade and look great. Depending on budget either gravel or pave the area but add a number of different shaped beds to create interest. Circles work well in small gardens. I'd add a couple of wooden chairs and small table to the left of the window. I'd plant a small tree or large shrub in the middle of the gravel area as you need plants with different heights. I just can't find a small evergreen that likes shade though!

One site said an olive but even I know they like the sun! A curved path is a great idea as it elongates the garden.